Horror Films

Movies have been growing increasingly more explicit for years. Horror films are no longer based on a cleverly written script with lots of twists and turns, but rather how graphic and twisted the images are throughout the movie. Horror films are appealing to viewers for various reasons. In fact, according to some film critics, â€Å"good† horror films have particular characteristics. Maggie McCutcheon in â€Å"Too Disturbing, Too Shocking,† According to Olson, people particularly enjoy experiencing the end of their fear and terror.Once the fear and terror have ended, people feel better. And, according to Stephen King in â€Å"Why We Crave Horror Movies,† horror films can help us confront our fears, and help us deal with the â€Å"bad side† of ourselves. Given the wide variety of characteristics â€Å"good â€Å"horror films have, this paper will address two specific characteristics of horror films. One characteristic is visual images/suggestions that symb olize our fears. Another characteristic is vitality or strength of source of horror.In order to analyze the characteristics of horror films, I viewed Poltergeist, an early 1980s film about a family being haunted by earthbound spirits, and I also read four definitive articles about horror films. One characteristic of a good horror films is visual images/suggestions that symbolize our fears. Stanley J. Solomon in â€Å"The Nightmare World† claims the cinema of horror concretizes this nightmare world- our abstract fears of destruction and death.The Midnight visits of vampires, the laboratory induced reincarnations, the skull deformities, the murders in the fog – these visual images of the genre may be the symbols of our fears rather than the psychological source of them, but the terror without a body is terror deprived of a means of menacing us. The movie Poltergeist certainly has this characteristic. Examples of visual images from the movie is a scary clown that looks me an , sitting in the chair and has the ability to move , goes under Robbie’s bed.A hand reaching out of the TV also the gateway for the beast to reach Carol Anne, parents later communicate with Carol Anne through the TV. Another image is a Dead tree outside the house making scary shadows every time it storms and also tries to eat Robbie. And in the closet there is a monster that takes Carol Anne and at the end of the movie the closet turns in to a Giant throat with a serpent coming out of it sucking the house in to the earth. So clearly the viewers can see the characteristic of isual images in the horror film Poltergeist. Another characteristic of a horror film is Vitality or strength of source of horror. Stanley J. Solomon in â€Å"The Nightmare World† claims If the depiction of archetypal fears is one aspect of the genre, the process whereby these fears become dramatic incidents in a film reveals at least two other genre traits: the degree of unpreparedness on the par t of the endangered victim, and the vitality or strength of the source of horror. The movie Poltergeist certainly has this characteristic.Some examples are a normal looking neighborhood, Tweety dies , Steven has a remote control war with his neighbor , Carol Anne answers the TV people questions, Diane mentions the swimming pool what if Carol Anne falls in, the way the clown looks when its lighting in the kids room and when the Tree and storm clouds look and the hand reaching out from the TV, but only Carol Anne sees it- rest of the family thinks it’s a earthquake and the chairs stacked up, out from the table , and Robbie utensils are bent.So you can definitely tell that Poltergeist has the characteristic in the film. In conclusion Poltergeist clearly reflects the characteristics of having visual images/suggestions that symbolize our fears and of allowing viewers a degree of unpreparedness on the part of the endangered victim. Based on my evaluation, I believe Poltergeist is a very effective horror film.In fact, according to Tim Dirks article states that horror films are generally set in spooky old mansions or fog shrouded, dark locales, with â€Å"unknown,† supernatural or grotesque creatures, ranging from vampires, madmen, devils unfriendly ghost, monsters, even the unseen, diabolical presence of evil. This is the case with Poltergeist, and I think many people still like this horror film till this day.

Library management system Essay

Introduction Library management system is an aspect or branch of information management system that keeps the records of both the library users, books in the library and the activities that is going on in the library, activities like borrowing books and returning books. Information management in general is the collection and management of information from one or more source and distribution of the information to one or more audience. This sometimes involves those who a stake in or right to that information. Management means the organization of and control over the structure, processing, and delivery of information. In short information management entails organizing retrieving acquiring and maintaining information. It is closely related to and overlapping with the practice of data management. A good library manager must be able to take of the following activities in the library; Keep records of books in the library, keep records of the library user, keep track of books borrowed by any library user, keep record of time a library user borrowed and return books and also after each day for decision making purpose, the library manager must be able to make analysis of books borrowed per day, analysis of the type of book people requested for per day and analysis of the author people read his/her book most per day. The emergence of the Internet, however, has led to the adoption of electronic catalog databases (often referred to as â€Å"web cats† or as online public access catalogs, OPACs), which allow users to search the library’s holdings from any location with internet access. This style of catalog maintenance is compatible with new types of libraries, such as digital libraries and distributed libraries, as well as older libraries that have been retrofitted. This proposed system is an offline access of library system or it doesn’t need to have an internet or web connection to run the program. It focuses on library transaction including borrowing of books, producing a library report in much accurate and easier way. In this system, the librarian doesn’t have to use a card catalog; all she has to do is search the specific name of the book, title of book, and/or author in the system. The reasons why the researcher chose to study the electronic library system are, to find out the effectiveness of the electronic library system in the place where it is implemented, to answer the problems encountered in the existing library systems and to show additional features that can be integrated for faster retrieval of data. Theoretical / Conceptual Framework An Integrated Library System (ILS), also known as library management system (LMS), is a resource planning system for a library, used to track and manage books in the library (Adebayo 2007). An ILS is usually comprised of a relational database, software to act on that database, and two graphical user interfaces (one for patrons, one for staff). Most ILS separate software functions into discrete programs called modules, which are then integrated into a unified interface. Examples of modules include: acquisitions (ordering, receiving, and invoicing materials), cataloging (classifying and indexing materials), circulation (lending materials to patron’s and receiving them back), serials (tracking magazine and newspaper and newspaper holdings), and the OPAC (Public Interface for Users). Each patron and item has a unique ID in the database that allows the ILS to track its activity. Larger libraries use an ILS to order and acquire, receive and invoice, catalog, circulate, track and shelve materials. Most sizable First World libraries use an ILS. Smaller libraries, such as private homes or non-profit organizations (e. g. churches and synagogues), often forego the expense and maintenance required to run an ILS, and instead use a library computer system. ILS was often known as library automation systems or automated system in the 1970’s and early 1980’s. Before the advent of computers, libraries usually used a card catalog to index its holdings. Computers were used to automate the card catalog, thus resorting the card catalog, keeping it up-to-date with respect to the collection, etc. Other tasks automated include checking out and checking in books, generating statistics and reports, acquisitions and subscriptions, indexing journal articles and linking to them, as well as tracking interlibrary loans. Since the late 1980’s windows and multitasking have allowed business functions to be integrated. Instead of having to open up separate applications, library staff could now use a single application with multiple function modules. As the internet grew, ILS vendors offered more functionality related to the internet. Major ILS systems now offer web-based portals where library users can log in to view their account, renew their books, and be authenticated to use online databases. Shibanda (2002) cited that integrated process of a computerized library system can keeps the track of all the books and periodicals and keeping the status updated. Apparently, there are â€Å"user IDs† and associated passwords to make an access in the system. This will keep all the information regarding the materials updated and monitored. The use of the computerized library system is a kind of technology that is popular in the developed countries. Perhaps, this is the right time for the developing countries to show any sign of development and progress even in the technological approach. A computerized library system among the universities is just a simple approach to change the approach of the schools in their one of most busy areas. Through the use of the necessary infrastructure and implementation of the process, the computerized library system can be effective. Stephen Abram (2009) said that traditionally, the library management system or integrated library system (ILS) was responsible for running libraries efficiently and effectively. Over the last few years, the role of the ILS has been expanding from meeting library needs to delivering user experience. Pandita (2004) in her paper â€Å"Collection Development in the Digital Era† examined the impact of electronic format on the collection development. She pointed out that the policy of content development needs to be worked out and re-designed. Mandal and Panda (2005) in their research paper titled â€Å"Collection Development in the Internet Age and the Need for a Consortium in the Engineering College Libraries in West Bengal: A Study† discussed the different dimensions of collection development. The existing state of library collection and infrastructural facilities of 17 engineering college libraries in West Bengal were examined. Author suggested the staff training, provision of adequate staff and funds, appropriate infrastructure in IT and a need based collection. This study requires data for books and borrowers which will be used for registration, checking records on the database, view and print book status. Output of the electronic system will be the releasing of the books, Issuance of receipt and prints other information. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Figure 1: Schema of the Study Statement of the Problem This study aims to find out the effectiveness of E – Library in the Municipal Library of Liloy, Zamboanga Del Norte during the calendar year 2012 – 2013. Specifically it intends to answer the following questions: 1. What is the status of the library system? 2. What are the problems encountered by the current library system? 3. What proposed system to be implemented? 4. What is level of functionality in terms of accuracy and speed? Significance of the Study. The study was focused only to improve the library system that helps the librarian, readers, and other concerned people in terms of borrowing books, transaction, managing data, saving records, produce reports and the time and effort statements of assumption. The electronic system manages and maintains records in a library of a certain borrower used to borrow books from a library. Transaction of books can be faster, and with the used of this system, there’s no need of manual recording by the librarian or any person who is in-charge to this system, which made the user of this system’s work lighter and convenience. The study is not intended to change all the principle details and methods of borrowing books from the library but rather to improve it in much accurate and reliable form. Scope and Delimitation: The scope of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the computerized library system in order to support the continuous learning in various pedagogical settings. To achieve this primary goal, the study should consider the three objectives. First is to compare the existing library system from the traditional system. Second is to compare and contrast the  various schools or universities that successfully managed the computerized approach as new library. Third is to identify the weaknesses and potential threats to make a recommendation on how to strengthen the computerized library system. The study was limited on wide area networking which needs greater requirements on both system hardware and software and exclusively implemented in the Municipal of Liloy, Zamboanga del Norte. Definition of Terms In order to have clearer idea about the study, the researcher defines the following terms: Code. This pertain to the process of writing the necessary code required to develop the prototype Library Management System. LMS. Library Managements System, Software helps the users to manage a library. Database. This term mains a large, comprehensive, and significant collection of data carefully organized and recorded so that information may be derived from it. Librarian. The primary user of the system. In charge of user’s creation, book item creation, check –The one who borrow books from the library. Borrower. The one who borrow books from the library. Computerized. To enter, process, or store (data) in a computer or system of computers. Manually. Is done with the hands by human labor, not automatic. Library. A considerable collection of books kept for use, and not as merchandise. System. Is a group of elements that are integrate with the common purpose of achieving an object. Data. Is information in a form suitable for use with a computer. Report. Is a piece of information describing, or an account of certain events given or presented to sosmenone. Program Testing. Stage in program development process which the programmer is task to run and test to determine the program errors. Debugging. A process of fixing the errors in a computer program. Internet. Group of network computer connected around the globe. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES In this chapter, literature and studies are presented. These are related to library management system. These are taken from various references and all of which have bearing with this study. Literature By exploitation of the computers in access and management of information, universities can now administer the library’s operational efficiencies and organizational effectiveness. The more informative system in libraries can efficiently aid the processing of knowledge by supplying the useful information. The computerized library system in universities is expected to lessen the burden on both librarian and students in searching for the appropriate books and information. Therefore, the new library system centers in the advantages in terms of accessing, retrieving, and sharing information most especially in a technologically oriented University environment (Shibanda, 2002). The integrated process of a computerized library system can keeps the track of all the books and periodicals and keeping the status updated. Apparently, there are â€Å"user IDs† and associated passwords to make an access in the system. This will keep all the information regarding the materials updated and monitored. The use of the computerized library system is a kind of technology that is popular in the developed countries. Perhaps, this is the right time for the developing countries to show any sign of development and progress even in the technological approach. A computerized library system among the universities is just a simple approach to change the approach of the schools in their one of most busy areas. Through the use of the necessary infrastructure and implementation of the process, the computerized library system can be effective. However, the country or the universities should answer the various challenges including the interactive connections (telephone and modem), the electricity problems, and the process of accessibility and privacy issues. In building the strengths among the universities, it is foremost important to address the issues that might affect the efficiency and effectiveness of the process. The idea of the computerized library system is supported with the interactive environment of the country. This will serve as an advantage of the country to implement and negotiate the movement towards the computerized library systems (David, 1996). In the Philippines, there are many universities that openly participated in the computerized library systems which add to their value of promoting the learning. However, it is obvious that most of the universities that managed this new system are private or semi-private institutions. The centralized reason that might contribute in this system is the large investments that the universities bound to provide. If all of the universities in the country successfully provide the library computerization, there is a possibility to place the learning in a most accessible and easiest way. Stephen Abram (2009) said that traditionally, the library management system or integrated library system (ILS) was responsible for running libraries efficiently and effectively. Over the last few years, the role of the ILS has been expanding from meeting library needs to delivering user experience. Change has been focused on innovation in user experience. That is a challenge because libraries vary and their online users and physical users are different. For example, in a public library the physical users tend to be transaction-focused or those with less IT access or experience. In contrast, the online users of public libraries tend to be more highly educated and computer literate. In academic libraries, the online access comes from places such as student housing while those who come into the physical library tend to have more complex problems and need help with filtering rather than finding information. Elisabeth Robson (2009) pointed out that, the catalogue has become a way to pull together disparate resources, including commercial resources and web links. Library management systems also allow circulation, including check in/check-out and enable libraries to purchase materials and track where they are. One of the biggest user requirements is usability. It has to be straightforward and has to do some of the searching for the user. It’s amazing how important the look and feel of the interface is. Users want simple interfaces with simple search boxes that do a lot behind the scenes – much like they are used to with Google. Librarians also say that users want to replicate the functionality that they see elsewhere. For example, when they search the catalogue they want to be able to see reviews of the items they are interested in before they borrow them. Oren Beit-Arie (2009) discussed that, many libraries are at a crossroads, reevaluating their businesses, missions and operations. The digital world will dominate more and more in the future, because of both mass digitization and born-digital content. Global economics also have an impact. Libraries want to do more with less where it matters. At the same time, the LMS is not just about the future and digital content but also about other types of content including physical. The move to digital doesn’t mean that libraries won’t have any physical resources to manage. They need to work with tools that support a hybrid environment. Good linking is very important. Our Primo tool was the first link resolver for the research community. Link resolvers enable users to click on a link and get to the article. It doesn’t sound complicated but it is, because of the range of access methods available over the web. The article can be available in several places. Which is best for the users depends on what subscriptions have been negotiated by their institution. It is a complicated web of many-to-many connections. Marshall Breeding (2011) pointed out that, in this time of tight budgets where libraries face difficult decisions regarding how to invest their technology resources, it’s helpful to have data regarding how libraries perceive the quality of their automation systems and the companies that support them. This report, based on survey responses from over two thousands libraries, aims to give some measure of how libraries perceive their current environment and probes at their inclinations for the future. Some libraries may refer to the results of this survey as they formulate technology strategies or even consider specific products. I urge libraries not to base any decision solely on this report. While it reflects the responses of a large number of libraries using these products, I hope this survey serves more as an instrument to guide what questions that a library might bring up in their considerations and not to make premature conclusions based on subjective responses. Especially for libraries with more complex needs, it’s unrealistic to expect satisfaction scores at the very top of the rankings. Large and complex libraries exercise all aspects of an automation system and at any given time may have outstanding issues that would naturally result in survey responses short of the highest marks. The survey results also aim to provide useful information to the companies involved in the library automation industry. While each company likely performs its own measures of client satisfaction, this survey may show perceptions in different ways. I hope that the rankings in each category and the published comments provide useful information to help each of the companies hone in on problem areas and make any needed adjustments to their support procedures or product directions. This year marks the fourth time that I’ve carried out this survey. Each year I have received around 2,000 responses, and a few more libraries responded this year than in any of the previous iterations. In very broad terms, the survey results are similar this year, but with some interesting new trends. Al-Ansari and Al-Enezi (2001) conducted a study to assess the current status of health sciences libraries in Kuwait. Study was titled 16 â€Å"Health Sciences Libraries in Kuwait: A Survey of Their Resources, Facilities, and Services†. Library facilities, use of IT, information services and co-operation were the various facets explored. Survey revealed that majority of the library staff was non-professional. Libraries were offering only basic information services and a significant number of libraries were not automated. Joshi (2001) â€Å"Veterinary College Libraries in Maharashtra. † Information was gathered about libraries through questionnaire. Book collection was found inadequate to meet information needs of the users and its growth was very slow. Journal subscription was not satisfactory, libraries were understaffed. Author recommended that Indian Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Universities should regularly organize orientation programmes for librarians. Similarly, Veer (2004) carried out a study titled â€Å"College of Education Libraries in Maharashtra: A Survey. † It is an unpublished Ph. D. thesis. Gautam and Srivastava (2006) examined the prevailing position of documentation and information services of libraries of 30 agricultural universities in India under title â€Å"State-of-the-Art of Documentation and Information Services in SAU Libraries in India†. It had been found that all libraries were providing CAS and bibliographical services. Adebayo (2007) conducted a study to examine the implementation of library service standards in the colleges of education in Nigeria under name â€Å"Library Services Standards Implemented in Colleges of Education in Nigeria†. Data was collected through structured questionnaire. Results of the study revealed that libraries were rendering basic services as recommended by National Commissions for Colleges of Education. These were not providing indexing and abstracting services. Partap (2007) conducted a survey of the libraries of 18 colleges of education in 3 districts of Punjab. He found that collection size of the libraries varied considerably and comparatively older colleges had large collections. Majority of the libraries were being kept open for 6 to 7 hours a day. He suggested for the introduction of user education programme and stressed on the need to increase the range and depth of collection and services. Sujatha and Mudhol (2009) in the paper titled â€Å"Evaluation of Electronic Information Services in the Fisheries College Libraries in South India: A Study† described the electronic information services in four fisheries college libraries. Authors also discussed the challenges the libraries and information centers were facing. Thornton (2000) â€Å"Impact of Electronic Resources on Collection Development, the Roles of Librarians, and Library Consortia†. Study was conducted to find the impact of electronic resources and the 21 Internet on collection development and discuss the changing role of librarians, library co-operation and collection development. It had been concluded that consortia will become more important sources in electronic information world. Pandita (2004) in her paper â€Å"Collection Development in the Digital Era† examined the impact of electronic format on the collection development. She pointed out that the policy of content development needs to be worked out and re-designed. Mandal and Panda (2005) in their research paper titled â€Å"Collection Development in the Internet Age and the Need for a Consortium in the Engineering College Libraries in West Bengal: A Study† discussed the different dimensions of collection development. The existing state of library collection and infrastructural facilities of 17 engineering college libraries in West Bengal were examined. Author suggested the staff training, provision of adequate staff and funds, appropriate infrastructure in IT and a need based collection. Mulla and Chandrashekara (2006) â€Å"E-Resources and Services in Engineering College Libraries – A Case Study†. Study was conducted to examine the efforts made by the engineering college libraries in Karnataka to build electronic resources. Results of the study revealed that collection and service infrastructure of the libraries in sampled regions were not up to the mark and libraries were struggling to build digital collection and in disseminating digital information due to lack of ICT infrastructure, IT trained manpower and paucity of finances, etc. 22 Adekanmbi and Boadi (2008) in study titled, â€Å"Problems of Developing Library Collections: A Study of Colleges of Education Libraries in Botswana† ascertained the availability and use of collection development policies in the college of education  libraries, in Botswana. In addition to using questionnaires, interviews were conducted to gather information from senior librarians, deputy principals of colleges and board of the affiliated institutions of the University of Botswana. Study brought to notice that majority of the libraries did not have collection development policies. Lack of constant training for librarians, inadequate staff, lack of support from administration and unavailability of collection development policies were some of the major problems found. It was further found that majority of the libraries did not involve their users in formulation of policies and did not implement these for collection development. Study revealed the need to train librarians on collection development. Mary and Sankar (2008) â€Å"Collection Evaluation of PSN College of Engineering and Technology Library and PET Engineering College Library in Tirunelveli District†. Authors described the various techniques of evaluating the document collection in academic libraries and evaluated the collection development practices of two engineering colleges. Sharma et al. (2008) evaluated the collection development in libraries of 38 engineering colleges of Orissa under title â€Å"Collection Management of Engineering College Libraries of Orissa: An Evaluative Study†. Information was collected from libraries using questionnaires. 23 Study concluded that growing dissatisfaction of the users arising from non-availability of needed documents and lack of provision of services could be boiled down to some extent, by rendering at least CAS or current contents or information about latest addition to users. Mallaiah and Gowda (2009) in paper â€Å"Collection Development inMangalore University Library: A User Study† discussed the usefulnessof collection development in a university library and attempted to findwhether the UGC-INFONET E-journals were meeting the users information needs. Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter presents and describes the research design, research environment, research instrument and the research procedure. Research Design The study utilized a description method reviewing a library database as basis to come up with the design on prototype Library Management System. The researcher decided to use Microsoft Visual Basic 6. 0 as the programming language in the entire system and Microsoft Access as the database wherein it will store the records of the borrower’s, books etc. Research Environment This research is focused at Municipal library of Liloy, Zamboanga Del Norte. Liloy is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines. It embraces 37 barangays with a total land area of 12,843 hectares with a total estimated population of 36,948 in 1995. It is mainly as agricultural community whose existing economy relies mostly on crop production such us corn, rice, coconuts, peanuts, and root crops. Liloy is a fishing ground of the northwestern towns of the province of Zamboanga. It is also known as â€Å"The Peanut Capital of ZaNorte†. Liloy is one of the most promising of the twelve towns of the 3rd Congressional District of Zamboanga del Norte. It was once a barrio of Municipality of Sindangan. It was created and become a duly constituted municipal corporation by virtue of Executive Order No. 469 issued by President Elpidio Quirino on August 22, 1951 but was unorganized and inaugurated on December 16, of the same year. [1] A huge portion of the territorial jurisdiction of Liloy had been taken away as a result of the creation and separation of Salug in 1959 and later in Tampilisan in 1978. Now the total land area is only 12,843 hectares, seventy-eight percent of the land area is agricultural planted to coconuts, corn, rice, and root crop. Residential area is sixty-five (65) hectares. Commercial area at present is nine (9) hectares; Industrial area is found in Barangay Timan and Sta. Cruz with a total land area of (10); institutional land is fifty (50) hectares and the rest comprise the open space and road right of – way. What may be considered urban land according to the records in the assessor’s office are eight hundred sixty hectares and this increasing very fast with the approaching full operation of Liloy’s wharf. Map of Liloy, Zamboanga Del Norte Research Instrument There where two sets of sources of data which will be used in this study: The borrower’s data which include the borrower’s ID, Borrowers name, Place and contact. And the book data which include the books no. ISBN, book title, author, category and the year it has been published. Research Procedure The procedure of the study was, the researcher secured permission from the Municipal library, Interviewed library staff and gathered important data’s to be use in the study, then the next logical steps followed, The researcher also analyzed and designed the solution for the system, coded the solution into a programming language, tested the running system and prepared detailed specification of the study for the benefit of the primary user of the system. BIBLIOGRAPHY Achonna, A. U.  (2008), â€Å"Awareness, Access and Usage of EJournal Resources of the Library, by the Students of Yaba College of Technology, Yaba –Lagos Nigeria†, Samaru Journal of Information Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1, PP. 26-34. Available from http://www. ajol. info/viewarticle. php? jid=335&id= 44510&layout=abstract (06-03-10). Adebayo, E. L. (2007), â€Å"Library Services Standards Implemented in Colleges of Education in Nigeria†, Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 2, PP. 279-281. Available from http://medwelljournals. com/fulltext/pjss/2007/279-281. pdf (18-01-10). Adekanmbi, Arinola Rebecca; and Boadi, Benzies Y.(2008), â€Å"Problems of Developing Library Collections: A Study of Colleges of Education Libraries in Botswana†, Information Development, Vol. 24, No. 4, PP. 275-288. Available from http://cat. inist. fr/ ? aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=20877276 (14-05-09). Adikata, Adnan Ali; and Anwar, Mumtaz A. (2006), â€Å"Student Library Use: A Study of Faculty Perceptions in a Malaysian University†, Library Review, Vol. 55, No. 2, PP. 106-119. Available from http://www. emeraldinsight. com/10. 1108/ 00242530610649602 (20-02-09). Agaba, D. ; Kigogo-Bukenya, I. M. N. ; and Nyumba, J. B. (2004), â€Å"Utilization of Electronic Information Resources by Academic Staff at Makerere University†, University of Dar es Salaam Library Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1, PP. 18-28. Available from http://www. ajol. info/viewarticle. php? jid=164&id=16357&layout =abstract (02-03-10). Ahmad, Moin; and Haridasan, Sudharma (2006), â€Å"Use of Periodicals by the Scholars at National Library of Veterinary Sciences: A User’s Survey†, IASLIC Bulletin, Vol. 51, No. 2, PP. 05-17. Al-Ansari, Husain A. ; and Al-Enezi, Sana (2001), â€Å"Health Sciences Libraries in Kuwait: A Survey of Their Resources, Facilities, and Services†, Bull Med Libr Assoc., Vol. 89, No. 3, PP. 287-293. Available from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/ articles/PMC34562/ (24-02-10). Anasi, S. (2006), â€Å"Internet Use Pattern of Undergraduate Students at the University of Lagos, Nigeria†, University of Dar es Salaam Library Journal, Vol. 8, No. 1&2, PP. 1-15. Available from http://www. ajol. info/viewarticle. php? jid=164&id=37030& layout=abstract (17-01-10). Atakan, Cemal; Atilgan, Dogan; Bayram, Ozlem; and Arslantekin, Sacit (2008), â€Å"An Evaluation of the Second Survey on Electronic Databases Usage at Ankara University Digital Library†, The Electronic Library, Vol. 26, No. 2, PP. 249-259. Available from http://eprints. rclis. org/14501/ (22-03-09). Atilgan, Dogan; and Bayran, Ozlem (2006), â€Å"An Evaluation of Faculty Use of Digital Library at Ankara University, Turkey†, The Journal of Academic Librarianship, Vol. 32, No. 1, PP. 86-93. Bansode, Sadanand Y. ; and Pujar, Shamprasad M. (2008), â€Å"Use of Internet by Research Scholars at Shivaji University, Kohlapur†, Annals of Library and Information Studies, Vol. 55, No. 2, PP. 123-126. Biradar, B. S. ; Kumar, P. Dharani; and Mahesh, Y. (2009). â€Å"Use of Information Sources and Services in Library of Agriculture Science College, Shimoga: A Case Study†, Annals of Library and Information Studies, Vol. 56, No. 2, PP. 63-68. Carr, Reg (2006), â€Å"What Users Want: An Academic ‘Hybrid’ Library Perspective†, Ariadne, No. 46. Available from http://www. ariadne. ac. uk/issue46/carr/intro. html (23-03-09). and Lochhart, Brian (2005), â€Å"Library User Survey: Resources, Facilities and Circulation Service†, Report on survey results. Available from http://www. paradisevalley. edu/library/assessment/LibraryUserSurvey Results. pdf (01-02-09). Choukhande Vaishali G.; and Kumar, P. S. G. (2004), â€Å"Analytical Study of Information Needs and Use Pattern of Faculty Members and Research Scholars of Amravati University†, ILA Bulletin, Vol. 40, No. 3, PP. 23-31. Chowdappa, N. ; Chandrashekara, M. ; and Ramasesh, C. P. (2009) â€Å"Impact of Electronic Information Sources on the Academic Users in Mysore: An Analytical Study†, SRELS Journal of Information Management, Vol. 46, No. 2, PP. 155-162. 77 Fatima, Nishat; and Ahmad, Naved (2008), â€Å"Information Seeking Behaviour of the Students at Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College, Aligarh Muslim University: A Survey†, Annals of Library and Information Studies.

How Energy Is Conserved As It Is Converted From One Form...

Abstract: The aim of this experiment to determine whether energy is conserved as it is converted from one form of energy to another using a cart which rolls up and down an incline plane. The cart was given velocity by releasing a compressed spring within the cart onto a hard object (force sensor) and then letting it move and up and down the incline plane. Logger Pro recorded the carts velocity and displacement while the cart was in motion as well as the force felt on the sensor at the bottom of the plane during this time period. Whether or not energy was conserved was determined by calculating the energy of the cart at different points on the incline plane and comparing these different values. The initial energy of the cart before it was projected was calculated to be (0.144 + 0.02) J, when the energy was all elastic potential energy and the energy of the cart when the spring was at maximum compression during the first collision with the sensor was calculated to be (0.03+0.00294) J, when energ y was again all elastic potential energy. This shows that energy was not conserved during the motion of the cart up and down the incline plane, therefore work was done by frictional forces and the normal to the incline. The energy of the cart was lost to heat, sound, and mostly friction between the spring and the cart. Introduction: Energy is defined as the capacity of a physical system to preform work. Energy can exist in many forms including heat, kinetic, potential, and light. TheShow MoreRelatedPhysics Of The Field Of Medicine1381 Words   |  6 Pagesin the field of medicine. Learning physics in the classroom is one thing, but being able to apply it to everyday scenarios is what has made this course so interesting compared to other various science courses offered at Gonzaga. When I was three years old my parents bought me my first pair of hockey skates and since then hockey has consumed my entire life. Upon receiving this assignment I was enthusiastic about applying knowledge form the classroom into my hockey life. The above picture was takenRead MoreChanging the Momentum of a Ball766 Words   |  3 Pagesthis experiment is when an angle of elevation of a ramp is changed on one side this will affect the amount of momentum a ball possess before collision and after collision. The ball that travels down a ra mp with a steeper angle, will have a greater velocity therefore produce more momentum because it has a greater velocity compared to the ball travelling down a ramp not as steep. This will then affect the amount of kinetic energy a ball possess after collision. The ball that is travelling down the rampRead MoreThe Existence Of Life And Energy1492 Words   |  6 Pagesexistence of life and energy has always been questioned. It is not clear as to how life on earth is sustained by energy and how that energy is produced. The explanation to all of this lies in the law of conservation of energy and the amazing work done by many intelligent people. Over many centuries, the development of new technology has furthered studies in science and advanced the standard of life for many people. The steam engine is one example of this. The creation of the theory on energy, the works ofRead MoreHeat And Mechanical Work In Engine. . . Victor.F. Mavika.1067 Words   |  5 Pagesstate for principle of c onservation of energy. In most cases, any process that does not obey it never happens. However, there different processes that do not violet it but never occur in nature. First law of thermodynamics fails to answer some important questions. i. It is known that first law cannot indicate direction of heat transfer. Heat flows from hot body to a cold body and never the reverse. If the reverse process occurs energy would still be conserved, yet first law does not explain this phenomenonRead MoreScience in a Lacrosse Shot Essay1319 Words   |  6 Pagesentailing a kinetic linking from your feet to your arms. Kinetic linking is associated with kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is â€Å"the form of energy contained in an objects motion† (Bloomfield, 31). Each body segment is a â€Å"link in the chain† (i.e. hips, arms, stick, etc.). In preparation for just the right shot, a good player needs to understand the basic rotary mechanics, the first link in the chain. The initiation of the shooting motion begins in the lower body, one needs to have the ability toRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources For Renewable Energy1710 Words   |  7 Pagesour environment, alternative energy has become a source of energy that is an alternative to the problem that these fossil fuels have caused our Earth. Alternative energy are renewable and is considered to be free energy sources (Alternative Energy). All alternative energy sources have lower carbon emissions when being compared to conventional energy sources. These sources include Biomass Energy, Wind, Solar, Geothermal, and Hydroelectric Energy (Alternative Energy). With the use of recyclingRead MoreEssay about History of Chemistry: Medicine and Technology843 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology have made a big difference in the way we live and see things in this time. Decades a go technology was not a major part or even part of chemistry. Technology has made chemistry more efficient and accurate. But it was not always easy to tell how chemistry helped or for what reasons it was used for. Society’s life before technology was involved was much more complicated. Well for us it would be, because of what we have now. But society did not always have the right equipment. For the chemistsRead MoreEssay about The Physics of Car Collisions2433 Words   |  10 Pagesagain and again in all the fields of physics: Newtons 1st Law In the absence of external forces, an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion with a constant velocity. This law can be best observed in space, far from the gravity of a star or planet, where there is no friction or air resistance. If, in the middle of deep space, you give a rock a little push, it will continue with the direction and velocity you gave it forever. The only way to stop it is to applyRead MoreThe Endocrine Part Of The Pancreas1609 Words   |  7 Pageswhich comes from the food we eat, is important for every body system. A decline in the blood glucose level below its normal range causes the nervous system to function erratically because glucose is its main source of energy. Insulin and glucagon hormones partner to balance blood glucose levels, keeping your levels in the narrow range required by the body (Lienhard, G., 1992). Maintaining blood sugar levels is a homeostatic mechanism that uses a negative feedback system. When one takes in carbohydratesRead MoreOcean Acidification : Climate Change s Equally Evil Twin1198 Words   |  5 Pagesconsequence of excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that we don t see or feel because its effects are happening underwater. At least one-quarter of the carbon dioxide released by burning coal, oil and gas doesn t stay in the air, but instead dissolves into the ocean. Since the beginning of the industrial era, the ocean has absorbed some 525 billion tons of CO2 from the atmosphere, presently around 22 million tons per day. Ocean acidification (OA) is the name for the process of the oceans becoming

The Fall Of The House Of Usher - 888 Words

Edgar Allen Poe’s short story The Fall of the House of Usher was very captivating. Once I began reading the story I couldn’t put the book down till I was done. I believe the protagonist in the story was Roderick Usher. I always assumed a protagonist to be heroic in some way. Roderick Usher’s character, however, was not heroic. Usher was not only a hypochondriac, but he was a mentally and physically sick man. I have no doubt that a lot of his mental and physical maladies sprouted from years of inbreeding in his family: I had learned, too, the very remarkable fact, that the stem of the Usher race, all time-honored as it was, had put forth, at no period, any enduring branch; in other words, that the entire family lay in direct line of descent, and had always, with very trifling and very temporary variation, so lain. (Poe, 1839, p.703). Roderick and his sister Madeline were not only slaves of their family’s bloodline, they were also slaves of t heir house. I found Madeline and the house to be the antagonists in this story. It seemed that as the house and Roderick’s sister deteriorated, so did our protagonist. In the start of the story the house was still in one piece, but it was falling apart slowly in strange ways, such as actual rocks deteriorating, â€Å"No portion of the masonry had fallen; and there appeared to be a wild inconsistency between its still perfect adaption of parts, and the utterly porous, and evidently decayed condition of the individualShow MoreRelatedThe Fall Of The House Of Usher1243 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Fall Of The House Of Usher:† The Mysterious Family In the story â€Å" The Fall of the House of Usher† by Edgar Allan Poe, has an American romanticism with its characters. Edgar Allan Poe is considered a Dark Romanticism because of the way he writes his poems and short stories centered around the concept of evil human nature, darkness, and death. Roderick and Madeline Usher were said to be related during the middle of the story; they were twins. It explained how they were sick, Roderick had a mentalRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher700 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is a classic horror story written by Edgar Allen Poe. Edgar wrote descriptively through the physical setting, the first person point of view, and the uniquely dynamic characters. These elements worked together to create suspense and kept the readers curious. The first fiction of element begins in the very first paragraph. The unknown narrator described the day as a â€Å"dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The setting while the narrator wasRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher1239 Words   |  5 PagesA young man ran away from a heap of ruins. He had witnessed the death of his best friend and his home but he ran away as it happened. At the moment, all was silent and not even a squeak could be heard. But if a house collapsed in the middle of a forest, and no one was around to hear it, did it make a sound? With such wonders, death, and darkness also come the work of Edgar Allan Poe. Edgar Allan Poe is known as a literature legend. He wrote many complicated horror and detective fiction stories, whichRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher856 Words   |  4 PagesThe Fall of the House of Usher and House Taken Over In Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† and Julio Cortazar’ â€Å"House Taken Over† the short stories represent the genre of Gothic Literature. Gothic Literature is a genre that combines fiction, horror, death, and romance. Some of these traits are seen in both of these stories through characters and settings. However, there are other traits that set them apart. To begin with, one of the major themes in both of these stories is fear. InRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher1285 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† has been noted as one of Edgar Allan Poe’s most famous short stories. The story begins when the narrator arrives at the house of his friend, Roderick Usher. Roderick is ill and has been living his life deeply reclusive. His sister Madeline suffers from a sensory disorder and is considered to be dead. The narrator attempts to comfort Roderick and alleviate his melancholy by reading a story that appears to foreshadow later events. In this story, Poe provides his audienceRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher1612 Words   |  7 PagesThe second message of Poe s The Fall of the House of Usher is that moral disintegration should necessarily lead to destruction as a sort of mundane punishment. Usher blames himself for burying his sister before death so he expects punishment. One conclusion to be d rawn from the final scene is that Roderick dies of fear. Madeline appears in her coffin and rushes upon him and he falls to the floor a corpse. Symbolically Madeline is just a physical embodiment of Roderick’s fears and punishment.Read MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher1727 Words   |  7 PagesFate’s Influence in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† Depressing imagery, confrontation of death, and the intense madness humans are capable of are all themes integrated into Edgar Allan Poe’s stories. The psychology of the human psyche prompted him to create the complex tales that made him famous. Poe’s story of obsession and the power of suggestion is beautifully written through the narrator’s tale. In â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher†, the characters portray the self-manifesting development of one’sRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher1133 Words   |  5 Pagesthe story â€Å" The Fall of the House of Usher† by Edgar Allan Poe, has american romanticism with the characters. Edgar Allan Poe is considered a Dark Romanticism because of his poems and short stories centered around the ideas of evil human nature, darkness, and death. Roderick Usher and Madeline were that kind of person in this story; they were twins. There were sick; Roderick had mental disorder and physically and Madeline wa s physically sick. As the narrator enters the desolate house, he finds bothRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher2041 Words   |  9 Pagesfact that he makes a smooth transition from symbolism to allegory in his writings. Edgar Allan Poe uses a more gothic style of writing that gives his science fiction literature unique character. One of Poe’s more popular stories is â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† in which he uses deep symbolism and imagery to tell the story. Although both short stories portray critical use of allegory and symbolism, it is based upon opinion as to which story is the more superior. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is more superiorRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher1651 Words   |  7 PagesRomanticism/Transcendentalism Essay Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher,† Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† and William Cullen Bryant’s â€Å"Thanatopsis† illustrate several Romantic and Transcendentalist (and anti-Transcendentalist) traits. All of these authors are regarded as very important and influential Romantic writers. Their works are renowned all across the entire world. â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is a Gothic short story written by Edgar Allen Poe, which focuses

Standardized Testing A Gateway Of Opportunities And...

Ogechi Nwokonko Mr. Marshall English 1301 11/12/2014 Researched Argument Although standardized testing was a gateway of opportunities and successes for many scholarship bound students, it was also the downfall in the educational system today. How can we define standardized testing? According to the Edglossary, state testing can be defined as a test that: â€Å"requires all test takers to answer the same questions, or a selection of questions from common bank of questions, in the same way, and that is scored in a â€Å"standard† or consistent manner, which makes it possible to compare the relative performance of individual students or groups of students.† Standardized testing is a very important aspect in Texas education. It is used to view students’ progress in their classes. We see standardized testing in many different ways. As we look in to the history of standardized test taking according to the standadizedtest pros and cons; â€Å"standardized testing has been a part of American history since the mid-1800s.† They also made this form of test taking prominent after the 2002 â€Å"No child left behind act†, also known as the â€Å"NCLB†. In Time’s: A brief history on standardized testing, we are given a deeper history on how standardized testing began. It is said that the Chinese started using standardized testing for government jobs to examine their knowledge of Confucian philosophy and poetry. French philosopher Alfred Binet began putting together a standardized test of intelligence. ThatShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesThis online teaching and learning environment integrates the entire digital textbook with the most effective instructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visualRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagescomposed about three-fourths of the bank’s workers. As a result, several years later about one-fourth of all managers and executives are women. Similar attention also was focused on other diverse groups of employees. So that all employees were given opportunities to grow and learn, the Bank of Montreal’s Institute of Learning was established at a cost exceeding $50 million. The goal of providing five days of training and education to every employee each year has been met for several years. To focus on performanceRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesELEVENTH EDITION MARKETING MISTAKES AND SUCCESSES 30TH ANNIVERSARY Robert F. Hartley Cleveland State University JOHN WILEY SONS, INC. VICE PRESIDENT PUBLISHER EXECUTIVE EDITOR ASSISTANT EDITOR PRODUCTION MANAGER PRODUCTION ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE MARKETING MANAGER ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER MARKETING ASSISTANT DESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagescentury, no matter how it is temporally delineated. Never before in history, for example, had so many humans enjoyed such high standards of living, and never had so many been so impoverished or died of malnutrition and disease. If the period from the 1870s is included in a long twentieth century (and perhaps even if it is not), migration served as a mode of escape from oppression and poverty and, in many instances, as an avenue toward advancement for an unprecedented number of people that soaredRead MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pagesb. Your company will need to exchange information with various external parties. Identify the external parties, and specify the information received from and sent to each of them. The author turns this question into an in-class group activity. Students are divided up in groups, told to close their books, and given 15 minutes to: a. Think through the business processes, key decisions, and information needs issues in their group. b. Identify the external users of information and specify the informationRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Violence and Crime in the Workplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 External Impacts on Human Resources—Legal Protections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 Equal Employment Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Other Important Federal Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Affirmative Action and Comparable Worth . . . . . . . . . 285 xii Contents Sexual HarassmentRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesin markets that emphasize the difficulties that accounting practices face in determining true performance costs and that forecasting programs confront in establishing the economic determinants of corporate planning? In addition to these challenges, many analytical and strategic evaluation approaches that are used in an attempt to identify and project how well a company is performing have been overwhelmed by the frequency and magnitude of these economic groundswells. In today’s competitive climate

Managerial Theory of Firms

Question: Evaluating the usefulness of the theory as a tool for understanding the process of decision-making and target setting in the modern corporations? Answer: Introduction The theory of firm is generally defined as the accumulation of resources which are altered into various products that are demanded by the consumers. The organization also coordinates and buys the services and the production factors like labor, capital and land. The firm also manages the production and marketing of its goods. The decision makers of the firm often ask questions like: What should be produced? Where the production will take place? What should be the quantity of production? Etc (Richardson, 1972). Theories are basically the conceptualizing of the firm. It answers the questions like why the firm exists along with what is a firm. These are the fundamental things which are required for understanding the corporate governance. The different theories of firm also help in understanding why firms have organized businesses and how it impacts on the firm and the society. The theories of firm might be classified into two divisions, incomplete contracting model and principal agent model (Williamson, 1981). The managerial theory of firms has a great impact on the decision making process and the marketing area of the organization. The managerial theories decide the growth and development of the modern organizations. Managerial theory of firms The managerial theory of any organization is the economic theories which discusses about the way the modern management has impact on the various economic system of the firm. There are various different theories which has been researched thoroughly in management literature and also applied in different businesses. The managerial theories are categories into three groups. They are as follows: Discretionary Literature: In this theory the managers are assumed to take decisions mainly based on the cost and price and are not under strict supervision of the owners and direct stake of the firm. Growth oriented theories: This theory is similar to the previous theory but here long term goal is assumed and the managers dedicate themselves in developing the firm and its growth. Bureaucratic theories: This theory includes the owners of the firms who control the enterprise and also seek various strategies to reduce the risk. All the above mentioned types of theories have significant role in decision making of the firm and also help in setting the target of the organization. Managerial theories have both theoretical and empirical usefulness in various organizations. Management theory supplies basic knowledge for management process which includes organizing, controlling, leading and planning of the various regions of an enterprise. According to Taylor if management theory and process was approached scientifically then it would lead the firm towards development and success. His principles on scientific management started a revolution among the leaders of various organizations and changed their view on both position and process of a manger (Koontz, 1962). Many behavioral scientists have suggested involving many community organizations which would assist in making different strategies and also planning. Management theory also discusses about the importance of emergency management where the organization can use quality management and make proper use of the resources even during a disaster. However there exists a body of opinions which discusses the evolution of management after and during the Second World War. The management theory was the main topic of research after the industrial revolution which brought in specialization and mass production around the world (Turnbull, 1997). Management Theory has a significant role in decision making skills and techniques. According to management theory the decision makers of an organization must follow certain simple steps before making a decision or forming a strategy. The steps which are to be followed are given bellow: Identifying the purposes of the decision: The mangers must identify the reasons for taking the decision. What is the problem that needs solving? Why should it be solved? These are the few questions that one should ask. Gathering Information: The leaders and decision makers must collect all the relevant data and information before taking or implementing a decision. Identifying the principles for judging the alternatives: The mangers must search for the standards and also the judgment criteria that must meet the solution. Other possible choices: The decision makers and mangers must also take other possible choices into consideration before implementing their decision. Evaluating each of the choices and its consequences: Each of the choices made by the mangers must be evaluated thoroughly and changed according to their consequences. Determining the best alternate option: The decision makers must always go for the best alternate option. Putting the decisions into action: The decision must be converted into action steps and implemented on the right time. Evaluating the result of the decision: The mangers must thoroughly evaluate the consequences of the taken decision. Thus management theory has a deep impact on the decision making process of an organization. Management theory provides extensive details to understand the decision making process. However according to management theory decision making is difficult as it deals with both satisfaction and dissatisfaction of certain people. For example Sko-Die is a manufacturing company for 50 years. All the managers were leading the organization till some of them decided to leave. However the organization recruited new mangers for running the organization rather than promoting the old employees who were the team members of the organization. Since the new mangers are new to the organization they are less loyal and there is constant clash among the ideas of the employee. Due to this decision many employees are leaving Sko-Die at an alarming rate. Management theory also has detailed explanation of the importance and process of setting target in an organization. The importances of setting goals as discussed according to management theory are as follows: Motivating the workforce Goals and targets always motivate the workers in the organization. Firm goals encourage the team members in devoting extra energy for the firm. Help Stakeholders The shareholders, lenders and investors are the major part of an organization. The long term and short term goals of the firm has a great financial impact on the stakeholders. Thus setting targets assists them in taking better decisions for the company. Attracting new clients Certain goals and targets attract various partners and vendors. These will build a confidence among the stakeholders that the organization is progressing towards growth and development. Meet the financial targets Sales are the intrinsic part of an organization. It determines the revenue generated by the organization. Well structured targets and goals help the firm in accomplishing the sales target. According to management theory there are five characteristics that should be maintained while setting a goal. They are as follows: Specific: The targets must be specific and must not be vague. It must be properly interpreted and understood. Measurable: The goals must be measurable. The firm must have goals which can be measured. Attainable: The leaders of must set such goals which can be achieved by the organization. Thus only attainable targets must be set. Relevant: The goals and targets must be related to the firms mission and vision. Timely: The targets must be time bounded and thus helping the organization in focusing on the deadline of the target. Thus managerial theory provides a detailed importance and process in setting goals and targets of an organization. For example Unitech is an American organization which specializes in manufacturing telecommunication devices like phones, mobiles, wireless radios etc. The organization decided to expand its market and thus it opened up a branch in China and Australia. Both the branches manufacture telecommunication devices (Lewin Regine, 2000). As a result the market of the organization expanded in China and Australia. Similarly many western organizations started building branches in the east in order to expand their market. In the year 2009 LOreal targeted to be the number one leading brand in cosmetics in the world. Thus with proper utilization of resources and implementation of strategies the organization became the leading cosmetic brand in the year 2013 with an annual profit of $ 14.6 billion. Modern organizations take the help of management theory in developing their business. The various methods that the organizations use for their success are based on the management theory. Conclusion Thus from the above detailed study about management theory and its both theoretical and empirical application on setting target and decision making we have learnt the importance of it the success of an organization. Management theory basically deals with the economic condition of a firm. It discusses about the strategies that an organization should undertake in order to make the economic condition of the firm good. It helps the firm in facing challenges that it faces during its growth and expansion. However Henry Ford had a different view on management theory and thus he changed many marketing and managing strategies in his organization. In the beginning of 1920, Sloan resisted the strategies used by Ford and started following the management theory. After that many automobile companies like Cadillac, Buick, Pontiac and Oldsmobile started following the methods of Sloan (FEMA, 2000). Thus management theory has proved its importance and significance over the years in various organizations. Reference Koontz Harold (1962) Making Sense of Management Theory, in Harvard Business Review, July-August. Koontz Harold and Weihrich Heinz (1990) Essentials of Management, Fifth Edition, McGraw-Hill. Fleet David D. Van and Peterson Tim O. (1994) Contemporary Management (Houghton Mifflin Company), Third Edition. Williamson, Oliver E. (1981), The Modern Corporation: Origins, Evolution, Attributes, 19 Journal of Economic Literature, 1537-1568. Turnbull, Shann (1997), Stakeholder Governance: A Cybernetic and Property Rights Analysis, 5(1) Corporate Governance: An International Review, 11-23. Segal, Ilya R. (1996), Modeling the Managerial Task, California, Department of Economics, Berkeley. Richardson, G. (1972), The Organization of Industry, 82 Economic Journals, 883-896. Roberts, Karlene H. and Robert G. Bea (2001). Must accidents happen? Lessons from high reliability organizations. Academy of Management Executive. 15:70-78. Drucker, Peter F. (2002). The Effective Executive Revised. Harper Collins. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). "Planning for a Sustainable Future: The Link Between Hazard Mitigation and Livability". FEMA Report 364. Johnson, Richard A., Fremont E. Kast, and James E. Rosenzweg.(1963). The Theory and Management of Systems. New York: McGraw Hill. Lewin, R. and B. Regine (2000). The Soul at Work: Embracing complexity science for business success. Simon Schuster.

Upgrading Computer Network at XYZ free essay sample

An examination of what it takes to upgrade a companys computer network system looking at a fictitious company. This paper details which changes need to be made in order to upgrade a business computer system. It first explains why XYZ company needs to expand its system and how the change will benefit clients and personnel alike. XYZ is a medical practice and the writer examines what changes need to be made to the administration and operations of the company in order for the technical changes to run smoothly. One of the most critical areas to upgrade XYZ Company is that of its information technology system. Its current method of storing and retrieving information remains woefully out of date, resulting in needless delays for both patients and physicians. Such delays not only result in wasted time, but also hold the potential problem for error in terms of patients medical records, billing, and data regarding the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Upgrading Computer Network at XYZ or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page XYZs current computer network consists of 3 IBM Pentiums 166 MHz. Due to insufficient hard drive capabilities the company thus must keep hard copies of all record. The most obvious problem that results from this is the danger of mishandled information lies in the often overstuffed and poorly organized storage room. However, needless costs also ensue because of the necessity of employees working more hours in an improperly filed and outdated file room.